Tuubooyinka birta ah ee waaweyn ee dhexroorka ah (sida caadiga ah tixraacaya tuubooyinka birta ee leh dhexroorka dibadda ≥114mm, oo leh ≥200mm lagu qeexay sida weyn xaaladaha qaarkood, iyadoo ku xiran heerarka warshadaha) ayaa si ballaaran loo isticmaalaa meelaha asaasiga ah ee ku lug leh "gaadiid-warbaahineed oo waaweyn," "Taageerada qaabdhismeedka culeyska culus," iyo "xaaladaha cadaadiska sare-sare" sababtoo ah awooddooda sare ee cadaadiska, awooddooda sare ee cadaadiska.
Tamartu waa meesha ugu horeysa ee laga codsado tuubooyinka birta ee dhexroorka ah. Shuruudaha asaasiga ah waxaa ka mid ah cadaadis sare, masaafo dheer, iyo iska caabin daxalka. Tuubooyinkan waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu qaado warbaahinta tamarta muhiimka ah sida saliidda, gaaska dabiiciga ah, dhuxusha, iyo korontada.
1. Gaadiidka Saliida iyo Gaaska: "Aorta" ee dhuumaha fogfog
Codsiyada: Dhuumaha saliidda iyo gaaska dhexda ee gobolka (sida Dhuumaha Gaaska Galbeed-Bari iyo Shiinaha-Ruushka Dhuumaha Gaaska Dabiiciga ah ee Bari), ururinta gudaha iyo dhuumaha gaadiidka gudaha beeraha saliidda, iyo dhuumaha saliidda/gaaska ee meelaha saliidda iyo gaaska ee xeebaha.
Noocyada Dhuumaha Birta: Inta ugu badan ee dhuumaha alxanka ku duugan (LSAW) iyo tol toosan oo tuubbada arc alxanka leh (SSAW), oo leh tuubo bir ah oo aan fiicneyn (sida API 5L X80/X90 grades) oo loo isticmaalo qaybo cadaadis sare leh.
Shuruudaha Muhiimka ah: U adkeyso cadaadiska sare ee 10-15 MPa (khadadka jirridda gaaska dabiiciga ah), iska caabi daxalka ciidda (tuubooyinka xeebta), oo iska caabi daxalka biyaha badda (tuubooyinka xeebaha). Dhererka tuubada kelida ah waxay gaari kartaa 12-18 mitir si loo yareeyo kala-goysyada alxanka oo loo yareeyo khatarta daadinta. Tusaalooyinka caadiga ah: Dhuumaha Gaaska Dabiiciga ah ee Shiinaha-Ruushka Bariga (tuubada ugu weyn ee fogaanta fog ee Shiinaha, iyada oo qaybo ka mid ah ay isticmaalayaan tuubooyinka birta dhexroorka 1422mm), iyo dhuumaha saliidda ee Saudi-UAE ee xuduudaha (tubooyinka birta 1200mm iyo ka weyn).
2. Warshadaha Korantada: "Wadada tamarta" ee dhirta tamarta kulaylka / nukliyeerka
Qaybta tamarta kulaylka, tuubooyinkan waxaa loo isticmaalaa "afarta dhuumood ee waaweyn" (tuubooyinka uumiga ugu muhiimsan, tuubooyinka uumiga dib u kululaynta, tuubooyinka quudinta ugu muhiimsan, iyo tuubooyinka kuleyliyaha cadaadiska sare) si loo qaado heerkul sare, uumi-sare (heerkulka 300-600 ° C iyo cadaadiska 10-30 MPa).
Qaybta tamarta nukliyeerka, tuubooyinka birta heerka badbaadada ee jasiiradaha nukliyeerka (sida tuubooyinka qaboojiyaha) waxay u baahan yihiin iska caabin shucaac xoog leh iyo iska caabin gurguurta. Tuubooyinka Austenitic-ka-baxa ah (sida ASME SA312 TP316LN) ayaa badanaa la isticmaalaa. Taageerada Tamarta Cusub: "Tubbooyinka Khadka Qaadashada" (ilaalinta fiilooyinka korantada sare) ee saldhigyada tamarta sawir-voltaic / dabaysha, iyo tuubooyinka gudbinta hydrogen ee fogaanta (mashruucyada tijaabada qaarkood waxay isticmaalaan 300-800mm Φ tuubooyinka birta u adkaysta).
Baahida ka jirta waaxda degmada ayaa diiradda saaraysa "qulqulka sareeyo, dayactirka hooseeya, iyo la qabsiga deegaanka dhulka hoostiisa ee magaalada." Ujeedada ugu muhiimsan waa in la hubiyo sahayda biyaha iyo biyo-mareenka ee dadka deegaanka iyo shaqada nidaamyada magaalooyinka.
1. Biyo-bixinta iyo Injineerinka Biyo-baxa: Gudbinta Biyaha Magaalada
Codsiyada Bixinta Biyaha: "Tubbooyinka biyaha ceeriin" ee ka imanaya ilaha biyaha ee magaalooyinka (barkadaha, webiyada) ee dhirta biyaha, iyo "tuubooyinka biyaha jirridda ee dawladda hoose" ee ka yimaada dhirta biyaha ee magaalooyinka, waxay u baahan yihiin gaadiidka biyaha tuubada ee qulqulaya (tusaale, 600-2000mm Φ tuubooyinka birta).
Codsiyada daadinta: Magaalada "tuubooyinka jirridda biyaha duufaanka" (loogu talagalay daadinta degdega ah ee daadku keeno roobka culus) iyo "tuubooyinka jirridda bulaacada" (gudbida biyaha wasakhda gudaha/warshadaha ee lagu geeyo dhirta lagu nadiifiyo wasakhda). Qaar baa isticmaala tuubooyinka birta ee u adkaysta daxalka (tusaale, tuubooyinka birta ee caag ka samaysan iyo tuubooyinka birta ee sibidhka ku dahaaran).
Faa'iidooyinka: Marka la barbar dhigo tuubooyinka shubka ah, tuubooyinka birta ah way fudud yihiin, way u adkaysanayaan hoos u dhaca (la qabsiga juqraafiyada dhulka hoostiisa ee magaalada ee kakan), waxayna bixiyaan xidhidh wadajir ah oo heersare ah (ka hortagga daadinta wasakhda iyo wasakhowga ciidda).
2. Hubka Badbaadinta Biyaha: Wareejinta Biyaha dhexdooda iyo Xakamaynta Daadka
Codsiyada: Mashaariicda wareejinta biyaha ee dhexda dooxooyinka (sida "Tubabka Tunnel-ka Yellow River" ee Jidka dhexe ee Mashruuca Weecinta Biyaha ee Koonfur-ilaa-Waqooyi), dhuumaha leexinta iyo dhuumaha daadinta ee kaydadka/saldhigyada tamarta tamarta, iyo dhuumaha weecinta jeexitaanka ee xakamaynta daadadka magaalada iyo biyo-mareenada.
Shuruudaha Caadiga ah: U adkeyso shoogga socodka biyaha (xawaaraha socodka 2-5 m/s), u adkeyso cadaadiska biyaha (tuubooyinka biyaha qoto dheer qaarkood waa in ay u adkeystaan cadaadiska madaxa oo ka badan 10 m), iyo dhexroorkoodu ka badan yahay 3000 mm (tusaale, 3200 mm birta leexinaysa saldhigga tamarta biyaha).
Qeybta warshaduhu waxay leedahay baahiyo kala duwan, iyada oo udub dhexaad u ah "la qabsiga xaaladaha culus iyo buuxinta shuruudaha gaadiidka ee warbaahinta gaarka ah," oo ka kooban warshadaha sida biraha, kiimikooyinka, iyo mishiinada.
1. Warshadaha Biraha/ Birta: Gaadiidka Qalabka Heerkulka Sare
Codsiyada: Mashiinnada birta "tubooyinka gaaska foornada qarxinta" (gudbinta gaaska heerkulka sare leh, 200-400 ° C), "birta samaynta iyo tuurista joogtada ah ee qaboojinta tuubooyinka biyaha" (qaboojinta qulqulka badan ee birta birta ah), iyo "tuubooyinka qulqulaya" (qaadida qashinka birta).
Shuruudaha tuubooyinka birta: Iska caabbinta oksaydhka heerkulka sare (ee dhuumaha gaasta) iyo xidhashada caabbinta (slurries ka kooban qaybo adag, tuubooyinka birta daawaha adkaysta xidho ayaa loo baahan yahay). Dhexroorku caadi ahaan wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 200 ilaa 1000 mm.
2. Kiimikada/ Warshadaha Kiimikada: Gaadiidka Warbaahineed ee Xun
Codsiyada: Dhuumaha alaabta ceeriin ee dhirta kiimikada (sida xalalka aashitada iyo alkali, dareerayaasha organic), dhuumaha unugga dildilaaca ee dhirta batroolka (heerkulka sare, saliidda cadaadiska sare iyo gaasta), iyo dhuumaha daadinta taangiga (tuubooyinka qulqulaya dhexroor weyn ee haamaha kaydinta waaweyn).
Noocyada Dhuumaha birta: Tuubooyinka birta ah ee daxalka u adkaysta (sida 316L ahama) iyo caag-ama tuubooyinka birta ah ee dahaadhka ah (ee warbaahinta aadka u daxalaysa) ayaa ugu horreyn la isticmaalaa. Qaar ka mid ah dhuumaha cadaadiska sarreeya waxay isticmaalaan 150-500mm tuubooyinka birta ah ee aan si fiican u socon.
3. Mashiinada Culus: Taageerada qaabdhismeedka iyo Nidaamyada Haydarooliga
Codsiyada: Fuustooyinka dhululubada Haydarooliga ee mishiinada dhismaha (qalabka qoda iyo wiishashka) (qalabka waaweyn qaarkood waxay isticmaalaan 100-300mm tuubooyinka birta ah ee aan fiicnayn), tuubooyinka birta ee sariirta taageera ee qalabka mashiinka waaweyn, iyo tuubooyinka gudaha / tuubooyinka ilaalinta fiilada (150-300mm) ee munaaradaha marawaxadaha dabaysha ee xeebaha.
Mashaariicda kaabayaasha waaweyn sida buundooyinka, tunnelyada, iyo garoomada diyaaradaha, tuubooyinka birta dhexroorka ah uma adeegaan oo kaliya sida "tuubooyinka gudbinta" laakiin sidoo kale sida "qaybaha qaabdhismeedka" ee qaada culeyska ama bixiya ilaalinta.
1. Injineerinka Buundada: Buundooyinka la taaban karo ee tuubada la taaban karo ee ka buuxsamay
Codsiyada: "Feraha weyn ee weyn" ee buundooyinka dhaadheer ee dhaadheer (sida Chongqing Chaotianmen Yangtze River Bridge, kaas oo isticmaala 1200-1600mm Φ feeraha tuubada birta ah ee la taaban karo ee ka buuxsantay shubka, isku darka xoogga xajinta ee tuubooyinka birta iyo xoogga cufan ee la taaban karo), iyo "xididadaha ilaalinta biyaha" ee piers-ka.
Faa'iidooyinka: Marka la barbar dhigo shubka dhaqameed ee la xoojiyay, qaababka tuubada birta ah ee shubka ah ee lagu shubay waa kuwo fudud, sahlan in la dhiso (waxaa lagu sii diyaarin karaa warshadaha oo lagu ururin karaa goobta), waxayna leeyihiin taako dheer (ilaa 500 mitir ama ka badan).
2. Tunnels iyo Rail Transit: Hawo-qaadista iyo Ilaalinta Cable-ka
Codsiyada Tunnel-ka: "Tuulalka Hawo-qaadista" (hawada cusub, dhexroorka 800-1500mm) ee marinnada waddooyinka waaweyn/tareennada, iyo "Tubbooyinka Biyaha Dabka" (oo loogu talagalay sahayda biyaha qulqulaya sare leh haddii ay dhacdo dabka tunnelka).
Gaadiidka Tareenka: "Tubbooyinka Ilaalinta Cable-ka ee Dhulka Hoostiisa" (si loo ilaaliyo fiilooyinka korantada sare leh, qaar ka samaysan 200-400mm tuubo bir ah oo caag ah) oo ku dhex jira tareennada dhulka hoostiisa mara/nidaamka tareenada xawaaraha sare leh, iyo "Catenary Column Casings" (tiirarka birta ah ee taageeraya shabkada korantada).
3. Garoomada Diyaaradaha/Dekedaha: Dhuumaha Ujeedo Gaar ah
Garoomada Diyaaradaha: "Tubbooyinka Biyo-qaadista Biyaha Roobka" (dhexroor weyn oo ah 600-1200mm) oo loogu talagalay dhabbaha dayuuradaha si looga hortago ururinta biyaha dhabbaha ay diyaaraduhu ka duulaan iyo saamaynta ay ku yeelanayaan kaxaynta iyo soo degista, iyo "Qaybaha Hawo qaboojinta Biyaha Biyaha ee Muhiimka ah" (oo loogu talagalay socodka biyaha qaboojiyey ee heerkulka heerkulka) ee dhismayaasha terminaalka.
Dekadaha: "Tubbooyinka Gacmaha Xawilaadda Saliidda" (isku xirka booyadaha iyo haamaha kaydka, qaadista saliidda cayriin / badeecooyinka saliidda la safeeyey, dhexroorka 300-800mm) ee marinnada dekedda, iyo "Bulk Cargo Pipelines" (daabulaadda xamuulka badan sida dhuxusha iyo macdanta).
Warshadaha Milatariga: Markabka dagaalka "tubooyinka qaboojinta biyaha badda" (iska caabinta daxalka biyaha badda), taangiga "xadadka Haydarooliga" (dhexroor weyn oo tuubooyinka cadaadiska sare leh), iyo gantaalaha riddada "taageera tuubooyinka birta."
Sahminta Juquraafi: Ceelasha biyaha qotodheer "dacasyada" (ilaalinta derbiga ceelka iyo ka hortagga burburka, qaar ayaa isticmaala Φ300-500mm tuubooyinka birta ah ee aan fiicnayn), soo saarista gaasta shale "tubooyinka ceelka jiifka" (oo loogu talagalay gaarsiinta dareeraha cadaadiska sare leh).
Waraabka Beeraha: Badbaadinta biyaha dhul-beereed ee baaxadda weyn "tuubooyinka waraabka jirridda" (sida tuubooyinka jirridda waraabka ee faleebada/ rusheynta ee gobolka oomane ah ee gobolka waqooyi-galbeed, oo leh dhexroor Φ200-600mm).
GROUP ROYAL
Cinwaanka
Kangsheng horumarinta aagga warshadaha,
Degmada Wuqing, magaalada Tianjin, Shiinaha.
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Waqtiga post: Seb-19-2025